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The History of Petrof

When Bartolomeo Cristofori built the first piano in 1690, he provided a gift the world has enjoyed for more than 300 hundred years. And for just under half that time the Petrof name has enhanced and packaged that gift, bringing the enjoyment to new levels through the ages.

Letecky SnimekThe Petrof piano factory was founded in 1864, in Hradec Králové, an industrial town located 100 kilometres east of Prague in the Czech Republic, when Antonin Petrof converted his father’s workshop into a piano shop.

Antonin Petrof’s intelligence and energy, ensured Petrof Piano became successful very quickly and by the early1880s, as the traditional square piano was going out of style, the company switched its focus and started to produce a line of upright pianos. Petrof also saw potential in other markets and by 1890 was increasing production through an aggressive export drive.

Petrof’s original building, located adjacent to the main cathedral in Hradec Králové, still stands and has recently been given a top-to-bottom restoration by the city, which even replaced the original Petrof sign.

Five generations of the Petrof family have owned and managed the business, during which time the company kept pace with technical developments and earned prizes for its pianos at international exhibitions.

In the late 1800s, Petrof became one of the greatest upright and grand piano manufacturers in Europe, with Petrof instruments found in most of the significant music halls at that time. In 1899 the company was named official piano supplier to the Austro-Hungarian empire.

At the end of the 19th century there were approximately 600 piano makers working in the United States and Europe, but mass production techniques decimated those numbers and by 1910 there were less than 50 piano makers left on each continent. Petrof was one of the survivors of this consolidation wave, but had more problems looming with the nationalization of the Czech Republic in 1948, when the state seized control of many business operations.

Communist management expanded the factory and increased production, but product quality steadily deteriorated as managers, who were judged only by output levels, had no incentive to produce quality.

At one stage most of Petrof’s production was shipped to the Soviet Union in exchange for oil and natural gas. Because they were former business owners, the Petrof family was marginalized in a communist society and as they were cut off from their piano company, they struggled to make a living in a hostile environment.

The Petrof family struggled to survive and had to bide their time for the next 40 years until the “Velvet revolution’’ of 1989 led to the formation of a new democratic government in Prague. The next year, Czech president Vaclav Havel announced plans to return property the state had confiscated in 1948, giving the Petrof family hope of reclaiming control of their piano business. In 1991 the 4th generation of the Petrof family, through Ing. Jan Petrof, was able to return to proprietorship, and took over the company again.

Today, it is the company’s president, representative of the 5th generation of the Petrof family, Mgr. Zuzana Ceralová Petrofová, who continues the company’s reputation for excellence. Using state-of-the-art technology, the company strives to achieve the best result possible in building fine instruments.

By opening a new modern research centre, with its own, large-scale, anechoic measurement chamber, the largest of its kind in the Czech Republic, Petrof proved that it was not indifferent to the family company’s tradition.

Innovation and high quality instruments of European origin, represent key elements of the company's strategy and because of this the instruments have met the conditions of European certification and are now allowed to bear the mark European Excellence.

The company has also recently registered its own patent, an action with magnetic acceleration and has increasingly engaged in international cooperation. All this makes Petrof instruments, as well as the company, different from cheaper options.

At present the Petrof company employs 450 people and manufactures 5000 vertical and 1200 grand pianos annually, exporting to about 65 countries. The company provides support to new players, reliability to experienced piano players and inspiration to piano virtuosos.

Together with production of new pianos, the Petrof company is engaged in renovation of old, valuable pianos of any brand. Petrof´s craftsmen are able to turn a destroyed wreck into a beautiful looking and working instrument, complete with all its original attributes.

In addition to all the normal activities of a great piano maker, the Petrof factory, from time to time, builds extra masterful custom-made pianos for special customers. These pieces are specially-designed, original works of art, using the rarest materials. In this sphere Petrof knows no limits, and virtually anything consistent with good musical qualities can be designed and built.

PDFThe story of PETROF family printed in the MUSIC TRADES magazine

The company produces six basic types of grand pianos - distinguished by length. There are three models of concert master instruments, the P 284 Mistral, P 237 Monsoon and P 210 Pasat, which are made individually by the best experts in the company. Another three types, the P 194 Storm, P IV and P V are made using the standard method. The stylish variants include the P IV Chipp and P IV Rococo. All grand pianos have four basic arrangements. The most popular is the black shine, with white shine, walnut and polished mahogany other options.

The upright pianos include four basic height types: 118, 125, 131 and 135 cm. The assortment is enriched with instrument of stylish finishes.

Petrof soundboards are fashioned of solid Bohemian spruce. Grand piano rims are largely of beech and birch, and plates are wet sand-cast. The grands and all verticals use special compressed laminated beech pinblocks and all grands produced now use Abel or Renner hammers. Keys are individually weighted. The grands all have a sostenuto pedal, the verticals a practice pedal (except the 53" model P135, which has a sostenuto).

For many years Petrof used either Czech Detoa actions, German Renner actions or German Renner action parts, assembled in Petrof factory, depending on the model. The company has recently designed entirely new grand and vertical actions, called the “Petrof Original,” which are being manufactured in a separate section of the Detoa factory under the supervision of Petrof engineers.

New concert grands in the master series use Renner actions. In the smaller models you will find the Renner action, the Renner-Petrof action or the Petrof Original action.

At present the highest uprights models - the 135 and 131 - use Renner actions. The middle models use Petrof Original or Renner-Petrof. Most of the smallest verticals use standard Detoa actions. Part of their production is equipped with Petrof Original actions, made by Detoa, or by Renner-Petrof actions.

Petrof has also invented and patented a version of its new grand action that uses tiny opposing magnets on the wippens and wippen rail, called Magnetic Accelerated Action (MAA). These magnets significantly alter the dynamic properties of the action and allow reduced amounts of lead weights in keys as a side effect. Special magnets help to initiate only the initial movement of the action parts when the key begins to move from the rest position. When the key is fully depressed, the effect of the magnets disappears giving enough space to control the touch and dynamics by player. The result is agile action with faster repetition, less fatigue, and less physical work needed to reach higher dynamic levels. The action is adjusted in the factory for a standard touch weight and it can be serviced in exactly the same way as a standard action. Any additional adjustment is not recommended because it can change the proper dynamics properties of action. This MAA can be assembled in grands on a special order.

The Petrof company bought the licence for the Magnetic Balanced Action (MBA), which can be incorporated in Petrof grands. This system enables the technician to adjust key balance and change the key touch in the range of + 4 - 5 grams. The player can adjust the key touch very easily in seconds, according to a scale on the key slip, without any knowledge of this system. Using the adjusting elements, it is impossible to harm the mechanism.

Petrof has a large research and development department, which is very productive. In addition to the innovations mentioned above, in 2006, Petrof introduced the new 210 Pasat grand , which contains a myriad of novel and interesting technical features and presents a new design of Petrof grands. This grand piano was created as the first offspring from a new family of concert grands. The research department did many trials of different materials and their combinations, as well as calculations of string scales and their optimization. Then the development department designed the construction and built new grands between 2006 and 2008.

Petrof’s new grands have innovative scale designs, centered on greater acoustic output. Petrof respects the frequent requests of piano technicians for single hitch pinning so in the tradition of the world's finest pianos, these new grands are single-strung. Our new pianos are equipped with front and rear tuned duplexes (duplex scale) throughout the treble. Therefore, the iron plates were specially extended in the hitching zone. This single hitching can be used only on the larger concert grands such as P 210 Pasat, P 194 Storm , P 284 Mistral and P 237 Monsoon. The smaller grand models are designed similarly, with front and rear duplex scales, but without single hitching.

Duplex scales are the string sections in front of and behind the main active string. These strings sound in harmonic intervals with the main string section, enriching the tone and making it colorful and interesting. The anthracite coated duplex bridges are placed precisely on stainless steel base plates and define the sounding length of duplex sections. Anthracite duplex bridges correspond with graphitized bridge top caps. The descant bridge is done in the traditional Petrof way but there are some new materials used. The bridges are of solid maple, but the treble bridge is capped with solid ebony wood to increase sound projection of the higher frequencies. The selection of materials was the result of acoustic research and subjective aural tests. The final effect is the perfect transmission of high string frequencies to the soundboard.

The soundboards of new Petrof grands are again made in the traditional Petrof, but their forming is new, leading to better tone creation. The soundboards are tapered in a new way and have an asymmetric crown with asymmetric individually shaped ribs. This soundboard is more resistant to the pressure of the strings and it creates better acoustic performance from the piano.

Also the new Petrof grand's rims are created a little differently when compared with earlier pianos. Their construction looks the same at first sight, but uses materials that are entirely different. Some parts in the descant zone are made from solid maple, and a newly added descant beam is made from special plasticized and then compressed beech wood called lignamon. This material has a high specific density which means advanced physical and mechanical properties. This descant beam further stiffens the treble area to enhance projection of the treble tone. The front cross block of the inner wooden frame of the P 284, 237, and 210 models is reinforced by an inserted steel profile. Between this reinforcing profile and the front part of the iron plate there is an adjustable steel bolt, which transfers part of the iron plate loading to the robust wooden frame. The result is the iron plate is loaded less which greatly supports tuning stability. All these factors increase the rigidity of the structure for better tonal projection. Peripheral soundboard moulding of the rim is designed without any sharp arcs or corners which enables better vibration of soundboard. The continuous shape of the rim makes it easier to achieve proper slope of the soundboard mouldings and thus the soundboard is less stressed. The result is a very impressive sounding and playing instrument with a warm, rich, singing tone, full of color.

You can recognize the new Petrof grand models by looking at their interior. Their iron plates are bright gold, polished, with a “diamond effect”. The inner face of the rim is veneered with luxurious dark Makassar ebony with a streaked surface pattern, which contrasts with the bright iron frame. Using this rare exclusive ebony wood increases the unique impression our new instruments make, in conjunction with the flawless execution of scaling, single string hitching and the dramatic combination of contrasting red and black felts. The outer design of our new Petrof grands is still formal, and creates a noble impression.

For years, Weinbach pianos were made by the Petrof company and were virtually identical to Petrof grand pianos. In 2008, Petrof started producing Weinbach 198 grands in China as a piano for price oriented customers.

Petrof has been producing its more economical uprights in China since 2006, under the brand name Rösler for European markets. And since 2007 they have been produced under the brand name Scholze for Chinese markets. Uprights of both the brands are identical, designed by Petrof, and produced under the control of Petrof technicians.

 
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